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| 1469 |
| | | The marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella unites the crowns of Aragon and Castile, creating virtually a unified Spain | |
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| 1480 |
| | | Tomas de Torquemada, from a family of converted Jews, is appointed Spain's first Grand Inquisitor | |
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| 1492 |
| | | The army of Ferdinand and Isabella besieges and takes the city of Granada, completing the long reconquest of Spain from the Muslims | |
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| 1492 |
| | | Torquemada persuades Ferdinand and Isabella to expel from Spain all Jews (about 160,000) who will not convert to Christianity | |
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| 1492 |
| | | Bayazid II, the Turkish sultan, makes a special point of welcoming in Istanbul the Jews expelled from Spain | |
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| 1492 |
| | | Christopher Columbus, together with the brothers Martin and Vicente Pinzón, sails west from Palos in Spain | |
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| 1493 |
| | | Columbus returns to Spain, landing at Palos with news of his great discoveries | |
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| 1493 |
| | | Pope Alexander VI draws a line through the Atlantic, dividing new discoveries between Spain (west) and Portugal (east) | |
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| 1496 |
| | | Philip, heir to Austria, marries Joanna, a daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain, in the second of the great Habsburg marital alliances | |
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| 1513 |
| | | Vasco Núñez de Balboa reaches the Pacific coast and claims the ocean for the king of Spain | |
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